Daniel G. Graham Ph.D

Creating a More Secure and Connected World

Lab 3 HCL 1

Your tasks

Read the document completely. Don’t just attempt to do the lab my reading the summary.

Summary

  1. Setup and test HCLRS as described below.
  2. To learn how to use HCLRS and the accompanying Y86 tools for future labs:
    • Run the supplied tiny.hcl file on a .yo file (Y86 program)
    • Assemble a .ys into a .yo file
    • Run the supplied Y86 simulator on a yo file
  3. Write a pc.hcl based on the supplied tiny.hcl that:
    • advances the PC properly for Y86 instructions that are not jumps, call, or ret,
    • sets Stat to STAT_INS (invalid instruction) for any unimplemented or unrecognized icode.
  4. Test your pc.hcl using make test-pc (many automated tests) and/or by manually running it
    on input files and comparing to the outputs shown below. On department machines, you will need to run module load python3 before make test-pc will work; on other machines, you will need python3 installed.
  5. Submit your pc.hcl to kytos

Setup and test HCLRS

  1. Get a copy of the hclrs.tar from  the hclrs README  page.
  2. Build hclrs and the accompanying Y86 tools with make
  3. Build the supplied example tiny simulator and run it on y86/prog3.yo with 
    ./tools/hclrs tiny.hcl y86/prog3.yo -q

    This should result in output like:

    +----------------------- halted in state: ------------------------------+
| RAX: ffffffffffffd2b4   RCX:                0   RDX:                0 |
| RBX:                0   RSP:                0   RBP:                0 |
| RSI:                0   RDI:                0   R8:                 0 |
| R9:                 0   R10:                0   R11:                0 |
| R12:                0   R13:                0   R14:                0 |
| register pP(N) { pc=0000000000000003 }                                |
| used memory:   _0 _1 _2 _3  _4 _5 _6 _7   _8 _9 _a _b  _c _d _e _f    |
|  0x0000000_:   30 f2 0a 00  00 00 00 00   00 00 30 f0  03 00 00 00    |
|  0x0000001_:   00 00 00 00  10 60 20 00                               |
+--------------------- (end of halted state) ---------------------------+
Cycles run: 3

    showing the values of the built-in registers, memory, and the pc register declared
    by tiny.hcl.

Assemble a .ys file into .yo file

  1. Create a file toy.ys with 
    irmovq $6552,%rdx
rrmovq %rdx,%rax
addq %rax,%rdx
halt
  2. Assemble toy.ys into toy.yo using the supplied assembler tools/yas 
    make toy.yo

    or

    tools/yas toy.ys
  3. Examine toy.yo in a text editor

Use the yis Y86 simulator

  1. tools/yis is a Y86 simulator you can use to see what .yo files are supposed to do. For example
    tools/yis toy.yo should give:

    Stopped in 4 steps at PC = 0xe.  Status 'HLT', CC Z=0 S=0 O=0
Changes to registers:
%rax:   0x0000000000000000  0x0000000000001998
%rdx:   0x0000000000000000  0x0000000000003330

Changes to memory:

    The hclrs README provides more detail about inteprreting this output under the heading
    “Seeing what a .yo file is supposed to do”.

Write pc.hcl

  1. Copy tiny.hcl to pc.hcl. Alternately, you can make an HCL file from scratch and with a pc register declared like in tiny.hcl.
  2. Edit pc.hcl so that the pc updates work in the case where there are not jump, call, or return statements. You’ll almost certainly want to consult the Y86-64 instruction set described in figure 4.2 (page 357) to do this.
    1. If you started with tiny.hcl, we won’t be needing to use the register file in this assignment, so remove the block of hcl that starts with the comment # let's also read and write a register… (but keep the line that updates p_pc)
    2. Have the hcl read each instruction and get it’s icode (tiny.hcl does this already)
    3. Set the Stat output to STAT_INS (invalid instruction error) if there is a jXX, call, or ret icode; also to STAT_INS for any icode greater than 11 (unused icodes); to STAT_HLT if there is a halt icode; and to STAT_AOK for all other icode.In tiny.hcl, there was already a line Stat = [ that set the Stat to either STAT_AOK or STAT_HLT. You’ll need to change it to also set STAT_INS for some icodes.
    4. When parsing an icode use constants for the comparison. For example: JXX or IRMOVQ .See the hclrs README for a complete list of constants.
    5. Update the p_pc to be P_pc + an appropriate offset (1, 2, 9, or 10, depending on the icode).There is a line p_pc = P_pc + 1; – you will need to change it so that uses a mux to select what number is added to pc.

Testing pc.hcl manually

Here are some example outputs from running a command like

./tools/hclrs pc.hcl y86/FILE.yo -q
  • y86/prog1.yo should give 
    +----------------------- halted in state: ------------------------------+
| RAX:                0   RCX:                0   RDX:                0 |
| RBX:                0   RSP:                0   RBP:                0 |
| RSI:                0   RDI:                0   R8:                 0 |
| R9:                 0   R10:                0   R11:                0 |
| R12:                0   R13:                0   R14:                0 |
| register pP(N) { pc=000000000000001a }                                |
| used memory:   _0 _1 _2 _3  _4 _5 _6 _7   _8 _9 _a _b  _c _d _e _f    |
|  0x0000000_:   30 f2 0a 00  00 00 00 00   00 00 30 f0  03 00 00 00    |
|  0x0000001_:   00 00 00 00  10 10 10 60   20 00                       |
+--------------------- (end of halted state) ---------------------------+
Cycles run: 7
  • y86/prog7.yo should give 
    +------------------- error caused in state: ----------------------------+
| RAX:                0   RCX:                0   RDX:                0 |
| RBX:                0   RSP:                0   RBP:                0 |
| RSI:                0   RDI:                0   R8:                 0 |
| R9:                 0   R10:                0   R11:                0 |
| R12:                0   R13:                0   R14:                0 |
| register pP(N) { pc=000000000000000b }                                |
| used memory:   _0 _1 _2 _3  _4 _5 _6 _7   _8 _9 _a _b  _c _d _e _f    |
|  0x0000000_:   63 00 74 16  00 00 00 00   00 00 00 30  f0 01 00 00    |
|  0x0000001_:   00 00 00 00  00 00 30 f2   02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00    |
|  0x0000002_:   30 f3 03 00  00 00 00 00   00 00 00                    |
+-------------------- (end of error state) -----------------------------+
Cycles run: 2
Error code: 4 (Invalid Instruction)
  • y86/poptest.yo should give 
    +----------------------- halted in state: ------------------------------+
| RAX:                0   RCX:                0   RDX:                0 |
| RBX:                0   RSP:                0   RBP:                0 |
| RSI:                0   RDI:                0   R8:                 0 |
| R9:                 0   R10:                0   R11:                0 |
| R12:                0   R13:                0   R14:                0 |
| register pP(N) { pc=0000000000000019 }                                |
| used memory:   _0 _1 _2 _3  _4 _5 _6 _7   _8 _9 _a _b  _c _d _e _f    |
|  0x0000000_:   30 f4 00 01  00 00 00 00   00 00 30 f0  cd ab 00 00    |
|  0x0000001_:   00 00 00 00  a0 0f b0 4f   00                          |
+--------------------- (end of halted state) ---------------------------+
Cycles run: 5
  • Other files. Look in the testdata/pc-reference directory to see what our
    output shows for each of the supplied .yo files in the y86 directory.
    The outputs in the testdata/pc-reference directory omit the final
    value of the PC register, but your pc.hcl should match them in the
    number of cycles run and error code (if any).

Testing pc.hcl using make test-pc

  1. make test-pc will run pc.hcl and compare the results to a set of outputs
    in the testdata/pc-reference directory.
  2. When a test fails, the testing program will display the difference between your
    output and the expected output. This output is a bit hard to understand.
    The hclrs README has a description of how to read it under the
    heading “suplied testing scripts”.

Hints

  1. tiny.hcl has many comments which may be helpful.